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To find out the education, occupation and health status of people aged five years or more living in a high density urban area in Zimbabwe.Cross sectional.Households in Chitungwiza.Persons of age five years or more available in a household at the time of the survey. In 1990 and 1993, 822 and 1,023 people were surveyed, respectively.Educational level, employment, rate of smoking, nutritional status, blood pressure level, and rate of disability.After the age of 24 years, more males than females...

In recent years considerable concern has been expressed, from within and outside the continent, about the standard of official statistics in Africa. This has prompted the question of how ef fective the training of African statisticians has been. This paper describes findings from studies of current supply and future demand for statistics training in Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe, carried out in 1993...

A study conducted in a predominantly black university investigated the ways in which African American students of Spanish described Hispanics, and changes in these perceptions across Spanish language instructional levels. Subjects were 26 students in Spanish 101, 25 in Spanish 102, and 26 in Spanish 201. Measures used were a semantic differential technique (Osgood, Suci, Tannenbaum, 1957) for ethnic descriptions and a Bogardus Social Distance Scale (Bogardus, 1925). Results indicate that...

The training of health workers in breastfeeding and lactation management is to enable them make correct breastfeeding recommendations to mothers. This study aims to provide answers to two research questions: what components of breastfeeding training are easily achieved with extension health workers, and what health worker variables affect these outcomes. Multivariable analysis of the outcomes of a controlled breastfeeding training programme for community health workers (CHW) in rural...

Abstract This study investigated ethnic and gender differences in test anxiety and achievement test performances of Nigerian junior secondary school students. The sample consisted of 100 Ibibio, 100 Yoruba and 100 Tiv students randomly drawn from four rural schools in each ethnic zone. Each sample consisted of 50 male and 50 female students, between the ages of 11 and 16. Two research instruments, a test anxiety scale and an integrated science multiple‐choice test, were used, Multivariate...

The Department of Education's Curriculum 2005 discussion document descriptionbes the 'outcomes' that are desired from the education to be offered to children at school in the years to come. It is debatable whether they will be achieved to the extent required in the natural sciences and technology.

The training of surgically competent doctors for South African rural settings is governed by several factors and determinants which include population demographics, distribution of doctors, infrastructural development and socio-economic conditions of the communities. Demands will be influenced by the disease profile, available facilities and academic support. Training options will include community-oriented/based (undergraduate) curriculum and restructured internship training period and...

The Meidob volcanic field (MVF) forms part of the Darfur Volcanic Province and developed from 7 Ma to 5 ka as indicated by K/Ar, thermoluminescence and 14C ages. It is situated in an uplifted high of the Pan-African basement, which consists of greenstones, high-grade gneisses and granites, and which is covered by Cretaceous sandstone. The MVF basaltic lavas, which originated from more than 300 scoria cones, formed a lava plateau of 50×100 km and up to 400 m thickness in the time between 7...

Abstract This study investigates the effect of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment (TSE) on participation in health promotion activities and research studies by African Americans. Random-digit dialing was used to interview 421 adults with telephones living in households in Jefferson County, Alabama in the summer of 1994. Respondents were asked if they had ever heard of the TSE and, if yes, because they knew about the experiment, were they less interested in participating in health promotion or...

Abstract This study aimed to assess the clinical oral health outcome effects among schoolchildren participating in a school-based oral health education (OHE) programme. Local social, cultural and environmental conditions were determinants of the school-based OHE programme, which was compiled on the basis of prevailing beliefs and on what teachers and educational authorities considered to be important for the oral health of schoolchildren. Consequently, the practical aspects of oral hygiene...

The use of lay health advisors (LHAs) to address the health disparity among African Americans is well documented and considered a culturally appropriate model of community health promotion. The recruitment and training of LHAs are important components of the model but have not been fully explored in the LHA literature. Recruitment and training of LHAs should reflect both the existing roles they have in their respective communities and those proposed by the programs to which they are...

Bilharzia infection among schoolchildren in Kenya's coastal districts has reached alarming levels, according to a study done by the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. The study also attributes poor academic performances in schools to bilharzia. Ng'ethe Muhoho, a senior KEMRI researcher, says that on average 78% of schoolchildren in Mombasa, Kwale, Kilifi, Malindi, and Lamu districts are infected with bilharzia and other...

Abstract: Isolated, perfused and ventilated guinea pig lungs were exposed to hexamethylene diisocyanate via the air passages. Two air concentrations of hexamethylene diisocyanate were studied (3.5 and 11 mg/m 3 ). There was a statistically significant (P<0.05 − 0.001) dose‐related reduction in both conductance and compliance but no effects were noted on the pulmonary circulation. With 3.5 mg/m 3 hexamethylene diisocyanate the conductance capacity was reduced with 38% and compliance with...

Children in the second-grade classrooms of three rural schools ( n 150) completed a variety of psychometric and curriculum-based tests, and were rated by their teachers and parents on dimensions of their everyday behaviour; demographic data (e.g. socioeconomic status, presence of mother in the home) and biographical information (e.g. gender, age, birth order) were also collected for each child. Some of these data (e.g. child’s age and gender) were more cost-efficient to collect than others...

The workplace of the twenty‐first century will be, in many respects, significantly different from that of today; therefore, vocational educational graduates need to be prepared for the changes expected in the workplace. Calls for vocational teacher education programmes that incorporate critical skills for high school vocational teachers. Reports the findings of a study conducted to identify professional vocational education competences needed by Swaziland teachers of practical studies...

Four hundred and three teenage secondary school students (50.6% males) from two girls' and two boys' Nairobi City Schools, selected by stratified sampling, were screened to determine the prevalence of proteinuria, haematuria, nitrituria and hypertension. Nine students (2.2%) had significant proteinuria while 14 (3.5%) had microscopic haematuria. Two students had combined proteinuria and haematuria. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of proteinuria and/or...

There has been national concern since the early 1980s over the need to prevent teen pregnancy. Much of that concern has stemmed from concerns over the notion that families formed as a result of adolescent parenthood are often poor and welfare dependent. Much of the research on adolescent childbearing implies that having a child disadvantages adolescents in terms of future life options. The author examined the life experiences of 1666 Black female high school graduates of average age 25.4...