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Regional droughts carry the seeds of catastrophe: the immediate risk is famine; the long-term risk is destitution. Preventing both situations is an appropriate, if not essential, goal for relief agencies. In the past, responses to hunger in Turkana District (north-west Kenya) have taken the form of traditional feeding programmes. A better understanding of the boom/bust cycles in pastoralist systems has, however, produced new relief strategies. A central tenet of these strategies is the...
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The Niayes is geographically characterized by an alternating succession of sand dunes and wet depressions, 20 km wide, which are behind the offshore bars from Saint-Louis to Dakar. Since 1970, the area has been affected by drought. The rainfall which was around 700 mm per year before 1960 has fallen below 500 mm during the last 30 years. In 1991 it was only 350 mm and in 1992, 260 mm. The vegetation has become impoverished in the depressions which are now more and more cultivated for...
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abstract Educational provision in pluralist countries is often expected to address the competing concerns of social cohesion, equality and cultural diversity. Central to these concerns is the question of whether it is possible to promote a core of shared values running parallel to other and more diverse feelings of identity. This paper explores the role of education in the development of an Eritrean cultural identity against the background of a review of relevant educational provisions in...
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The analysis used data from 1) the 1988 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) which included 4201 women in 166 clusters; 2) the Zimbabwe Services Availability Survey which revisited the same clusters in 1989-90 to gather information on general infrastructure and on community health and family planning services; 3) the 1992 Zimbabwe Situation Analysis Study which examined the availability and quality of clinics and community-based distributors; 4) and the 1982 Zimbabwe census. The...
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Data from a 1989 survey of 2059 students enrolled in 29 urban and rural secondary schools in Nakuru District of Kenya indicate that 69% of males and 27% of females were sexually experienced. Males and females were of mean ages 17.8 and 17.2 years respectively. Among the sexually experienced students 49% of the males and 42% of females had ever used contraception. 25% of males and 28% of females used a method of contraception at first intercourse and 31% and 29% respectively had done so at...
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Educational institutions are challenged to produce more graduates with few resources in current sub‐Saharan Africa In such an environment, it is critical that cost information pertaining to nursing education be available to assist nursing education programmes in meeting the challenges of producing more nurse‐midwives with less cost This study explores the cost of registered nurse‐midwifery education and describes factors which influence the cost of such education in Malawi Results...
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Anemia is a serious problem for children who live in poverty in the United States. One group of particular concern is African American children. Findings from past studies indicate that African American children normally have lower Hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations when compared to Caucasian children of the same age. Studies over the last two decades have shown that the WIC Program (Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children) has played an instrumental role in lowering...