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Abstract Background The Middle East and North Africa, is one of few regions where the number of new human immunodeficiency virus infections is increasing. The present study aimed to estimate the attributable burden of unsafe sex and drug use in Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the Middle East and North Africa countries. Methods We used the Global Burden of Disease data 2017 to estimate the attributable mortality and disability-adjusted life-years to unsafe sex and drug use in Acquired...

The provision of comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) accords opportunities for scientifically accurate information about sexual and reproductive health (SRH). We used a mixed-methods study to characterise adolescent SRH knowledge, attitudes and service utilisation experiences in the context of CSE implementation in Zambia. In-school young people aged 12–24 years (N = 1,612) in the North-Western Province were randomly surveyed. A 29-item index was constructed to measure alignment of...

Background: To understand the determinants of childhood immunization in a rural Uganda using a machine learning method of Classification and Regression Tree (CART). Methods and materials: All children aged 12–59 months in the Iganga Mayuge health demographic surveillance site (IMHDSS) database from 2010 to 2017 were considered. We extracted information on childhood immunization status, mothers’ socio-demographic characteristics, pregnancy, birth and other maternal related factors. A...

Alternation research groups have made decisive and far-sighted knowledge production contributions in the interdisciplinary Arts and Humanities arena for more than twenty-five years.From 2020, it adds the Alternation African Scholarship Book Series (AASBS) to its research outputs system.Via its incisive thematically-focused inter-, multi-, and transdisciplinary, as well as digitally-informed, research approaches, the AASBS not only advances the frontiers of knowledge in Africa's institutions...

Climate change adaptation literature on pastoralists often embraces a systems approach that uses aggregate analysis, giving a false assumption of community homogeneity. It assumes that a pastoral community is a coherent unit, an assumption that does not adequately capture the increasingly differentiated adaptation pathways. Analyzing key adaptation practices among Maasai (agro-) pastoralists’ of Laikipia County, we outline how wealth, age and gender differentiate actors’ adaptation pathways....

Owing to the poor performance in mathematics and science by secondary school pupils in Botswana, the Ministry of Basic Education (MOBE) decided to implement the Strengthening of Mathematics and Science in Secondary Education (SMASSE) project to improve learner performance. This study therefore sought to evaluate the execution of the SMASSE project and identify the challenges bedevilling its implementation. The study adopted a survey design and quantitative methodology where data was...

This work was supported by the Scottish Graduate School of Social Science as part of the Economic Social Research Council [1649125]. -- Funding

This study identifies the drivers of carbon dioxide emission and measures its effects on climate change in the countries of the Congo Basin. It applies panel Autoregressive Distributed lag (ARDL) model to Kaya’s (1990) identity framework, which breaks up the main determinants of carbon dioxide emissions into energy intensity, carbon intensity, population and per capita gross domestic product. To take into account the ecological specificities of these countries, we add other variables; like...

Contradictions and contestations with regard to the implementation of religion policies have become a worldwide phenomenon. Research suggest an increasing number of costly and protracted court and legislative battles between schools and parents over religion in schools. In this article, I aim to highlight some of the conflicting issues that need to transformation while implementing the National Policy on Religion and Education of 2003 in some selected South African schools. Based on...

• The ML algorithm produced a consistent and coherent map from the Landsat images considering the extreme land cover present in the data. • The Built-up class expanded significantly around the Central Business District (CBD) and increased through the study period • The confusion between Agriculture and Forest during classification process was due to the high intra-class variability. • The annual land use change intensity for 1985–1991 and 2002–2015 were all greater than the Uniform Intensity...

Purpose: In this study, we explore students’ views and experiences in relation to education about, through, and forhuman rights, peace, and sustainability in the global north and south. We investigate what students after nine years of schooling see as central issues and productive actions linked to key elements of global citizenship education (GCE) to better understand the complexity of GCE in theory and practice. Design: We use a survey designed in line with theories of global...

The exclusion or segregation of students with disability from public formal school system is a violation of the principles and guidelines as embedded in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN-CRPD). Provision of education for persons with special needs in an environment where they are not segregated can promote better academic and social interaction among the students, thereby breaking down barriers of discrimination. The rise of a special education...

This study examines the nexus between resource governance, climate change and security in Nigeria and Norway against the backdrop of the resource curse. Based on the qualitative analysis of secondary data, aided by the eco-violence theory, the study posits that the prevalence of ecological conflict in resource curse countries thrives within the context of resource mismanagement characterized by lack of optimal resource governance frameworks. The study identifies corruption, poor resource...

Increasing population and economic growth has intensified water supply pressure on the Olifants River Basin causing it to become water-stressed. Climate change is expected to aggravate existing water supply challenges in the basin if urgent interventions are not implemented. This study evaluates the impacts of climate change on water availability and demand in the Olifants River Basin of South Africa, and assesses to what extent a combination of management strategies can mitigate current and...

Climate variability and change has caused instability in production and decline in productivity exacerbating food insecurity particularly in Latin America, Africa including Ethiopia and some parts of Asia. The magnitude and frequency of extreme climatic events is projected to increase. The effects of these climatic changes will become even more pronounced among small scale farmers whose farming activities are weather dependent and vulnerable to climate change, and already affected by...