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Abstract Introduction: Despite high prevalence of Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) in sub-Saharan Africa, systematic evaluation of structural and functional impact of pediatric sickle cerebrovasculopathy has been limited. In a cross-sectional study of children with HbSS, ages 1-12 years, receiving care at the Mulago Hospital SCD clinic in Kampala, we hypothesized there would be high prevalence of multi-modal brain injury and stroke risk, as defined by 4 different adverse outcomes. Here we present...

This study focused on eight rural female first-generation undergraduate students at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. First-generation can be defined as students whose parents did not attend any college or university. Often, first-generation students are at a disadvantage in understanding how to gain access to higher education. Moreover, women’s access to higher education is not equal to that of their male peers. Both first-generation students and women are educationally...

This paper investigates the characteristics and determinants of the transition of young men and women from education (dropping out) to work in Tunisia, using data from the Panel Study of Tunisia Labor Market 2014 (TLMPS 2014). One of the main findings is that 17 per cent of the 15 to 35 years old population remains in transition. One - third had completed the transition. The remaining (55 per cent) had not started transition. The transited category is strongly male-dominated while young...

Objectives:The levels of lead, zinc, iron, copper and cadmium metals in the urine samples of selected school children in industrial and non-industrial areas in Dar es Salaam were investigated.Methods: Urine samples were collected from 120 children in industrial areas and 120 children in non-industrial areas then digested in concentrated acids and analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS).Results: The concentrations of the heavy metals in the urine samples ranged from below...

Sickle cell disease is characterized by chronic complications that affect almost all body organs. Pancreatic disease is rare in SCD. CA 19-9 is a non-specific surrogate marker for pancreatic disease especially carcinoma. CA 19-9 levels have not been evaluated in SCD patients in our environment.The study aimed to compare the levels of CA 19-9 in homozygous sickle cell disease subjects in steady state with those of (Hb AS) and normal healthy subjects (Hb AA).Seventy nine subjects including 39...

Strong management skills are key to improving performance of health systems. Action learning, a technique to develop management skills, has been used successfully with health managers but not usually among lower level managers or in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).This study uses a qualitative approach to explore experiences, successes and challenges of using an action learning approach to improve skills of managers in neonatal units in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. Eight action...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the predominant factors contributing to low reading abilities of pupils at Elsie Lund Basic School in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana.Purposive sampling technique was used to select twelve (12) classroom teachers of the Elsie Lund Basic School.The instrument used to collect data was one-to-one in-depth individual interview.The gathered data were analysed thematically.The analysis of the data showed the following to be the factors contributing to the...

Sub-Saharan Africa carries a high burden of the HIV epidemic, with young adults being particularly affected. Well-designed school-based HIV prevention interventions can contribute to establishing protective behaviour. The aim of this study was to explore the needs of primary school students and teachers in the region of Kagera, Tanzania, regarding an HIV prevention intervention in the primary school setting. The needs assessment was structured according to the PRECEDE component of the...

This article originates from a practical theological paradigm and uses an auto-ethnographic research method as it is a reflection on my own teaching and learning duties at the Faculty of Theology to multi-cultural students. The saying is that effective learning occurs as a result of effective teaching strategies. The research question is: What aspects are of importance in the development of an effective teaching and learning strategy that can benefit multi-cultural pastoral students? The...

This paper uses the case of Eritrea to explore tensions between education and militarisation as forms of everyday state-making and examine how teachers constitute the state in the process of navigating these tensions. In 2003 Eritrea merged educational and military institutions. Teachers responded to the new policies by alternately joining in with students’ tacit resistance to them, and engaging in strict, often violent, measures to reclaim control and exert ‘teacher sovereignty’ over...

Aims: To build the confidence of schoolteachers to provide sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and empower in-school youth to make healthy and informed decisions.
 Methods: Using a 4-pointscale,school teachers reported their confidence discussing eleven SRH topics (e.g. adolescent development, characteristics of sexually healthy adolescents, adolescent pregnancy and prevention, and HIV/AIDS).Confidence was assessed before and after a 5-day training, and a year after...

The purpose of this qualitative research study was to explore the ways in which the family, school, and community environments contribute to the academic success of urban, African American high school graduates from low-income, single-parent families. During a three-month period, in-depth individual and focus group interviews were conducted with eight African American high school graduates who excelled academically despite adversity. The student participants were also asked to identify at...

The aim of this study was to investigate the types of request strategies employed by Yemeni and Malay secondary school students in English language. It also aimed at investigating the influence of social power and social distance on the students’ choice of request strategies. The data was collected through a discourse completion test (DCT) and the analysis used both Blum-Kulk’s et al. (1989) Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Patterns (CCSARP), and Scollon and...

Research-based evidence on the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices is vital to their effective uptake, continued use and wider diffusion. In addition, an enabling policy environment at the national and regional levels is necessary for this evidence to be used effectively. This chapter analyzes a 4-year period of continuous policy engagement in East Africa in an attempt to understand the role of multi-stakeholder platforms (MSPs) in facilitating an enabling policy environment for...

The interface between environment and conflict has gained traction in policy and security circles in recent times. Growing scholarly interest on the linkage stems from increasing awareness on the role climate change plays in precipitating resource contestations and conflict over depleting natural resources, particularly in poor regions. Such impacts sometimes result from secondary consequences of environmental decline and resources scarcity which give rise to stiff competitions over access...

This study investigates the knowledge and perception of smallholder cocoa farmers on the potential impacts of climate change on cocoa production in Ghana. It addresses opinions on the inclusion of climate change mitigation strategies (such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation—REDD+) into cocoa production, and potential obstacles and roles of stakeholders in ensuring community acceptance of such strategies in a unique multiple land use area—the Krokosua Hills Forest...