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Papua New Guinea (PNG) faces a critical shortage of human resources to address pressing public health challenges arising from an increasing burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. PNG is an independent State in the Pacific and home to 8.2 million people. Resource and infrastructure constraints due to the country’s challenging geography have made it difficult and expensive to deliver health services and implement health programmes. The National Department of Health and its...

This conceptual paper navigates a way to 'indigenise' law school curriculum to disrupt the centralist legal mind and advance access to justice for all.Literature insufficiently shows how to design and implement curriculum and assessment practice in the decolonisation project.Innovatively drawing upon South African legal pluralism to highlight curriculum development beyond borders, the paper distinguishes decolonisation, indigenisation and Africanisation and shows their interactivity through...

The intention of undergraduate students towards entrepreneurial was not yet studied in Yemen.We aimed to study the intentions of undergraduate students towards an entrepreneurial activity.The cross-sectional study design was used.This study was used the questionnaire developed to test theory of planned behavioral in the field of entrepreneurship.The Cronbach's alpha test was used to test the reliability.Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between study...

The current study aimed to investigate levels of critical thinking skills among pre-service teachers' in a Nigerian university. The study was conducted with 234 students at a teacher education program in the Faculty of Education University of Maiduguri. The cross sectional survey was used to obtained data through a questionnaire on Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal Form “A”. The assessment tool (GCTA Form “A”) consists of 80 items measuring five subdimensions (inference, assumption,...

Drought has had a harsh impact on small-scale farmers' agricultural activities, livestock production, and well-being, so that even droughts dating back to 1947 remain memorable. These memories, experiences, and knowledge of the impacts frame farmers' awareness of the need to respond to drought, and they therefore implement an array of responses collectively to tackle its causes, and individually to reduce its impacts. Farmers' collective responses, comprised of prayers or traditional...

In 2006, fertility in Egypt reached a two-decade low of 3 births per woman; however, by 2008, the demographic transition reversed, and fertility has remained higher at 3.5 births per woman. Low educational achievement is linked to high fertility. Education is also important in the process of women's empowerment, suggesting that educational achievement lowers fertility through gains in women's agency. However, no studies test this pathway, and evidence on the relationship between education...

Curriculum implementation in Secondary Schools in Nigeria focuses on the success of that process of putting curriculum in action for achieving the set goals. The purpose of this study was to assess the availability of facilities and equipment influencing secondary schools physical education curriculum in Nigeria. Survey research design (Ex- post facto) was used for this study. To achieve this, purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples from the Six {6} Geo-political zones...

Abstract Background Claims about what we need to do to improve our health are everywhere. Most interventions simply tell people what to do, and do not empower them to critically assess health information. Our objective was to design mass media resources to enable the public to critically appraise the trustworthiness of claims about the benefits and harms of treatments and make informed health choices. Methods Research was conducted between 2013 and 2016 across multiple iterative phases....

Obesity is a disease that dangerously affects health. BMI is the most preferable method to define. Childhood obesity is one of the major public health problems not only in low and middle income countries but also in high income. Obesity problem was in a rising curve in the last decade. School age is important period to early discover and effective intervention. Participants and methods: A cross sectional survey managed in 2018 including 31270 children in school age period in Egypt. Data was...

Stunting is an important pediatric problem; it might be the first presentation of underline disease. School age is specific period where’s children undergo rapidly development. So monitoring of the growth among school children with Z score should be mandatory in all schools. Methods: A cross sectional survey was done on students aged (6-11 years) at Egypt. The children were assessed for stunting by clinical examination and anthropometric assessment by Z scores, during April-December 2018....

Bullying and suicidal behaviors are a silent public health problem among adolescents. Little is known about the link between bullying and suicidal behaviors in low-income countries such as Tanzania. In the current study, we estimated the prevalence of being bullied and determined its association with suicidal behaviors among in-school adolescents.We performed a secondary analysis of the Tanzania Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in 2014. This was the first nationally...

Abstract A building or environment is usually expected to be designed to meet the accessibility and usability needs of its potential user, which include both able-bodied persons and physically challenged. Universal design (UD) is a development strategy for planning and developing buildings and environments to be easily comprehended, accessible and usable to the highest degree possible by all individuals regardless of their age, size, ability or inability. It is however observed that the...

Tropical forests play a key role in climate change mitigation by sequestering and storing carbon from the atmosphere. In Ethiopia, there are inadequate data in the form of carbon accumulation records or databank to assess the carbon sequestration potential of different forests. This study intended to estimate the living biomass and carbon stocks of woody plants in Chilimo-Gaji Forest. Totally, 10 circular plots with 20 m radius each having 1,256 m2, estimated the biomass of 17 tree species...

Abstract The African continent faces several challenges and threats: high vulnerability to climate change, the fastest population increase, the lowest degree of electrification and the need for an energy transition towards renewable energies. Solar energy constitutes a viable option for addressing these issues. In a changing climate the efficient implementation of solar capacity should rely on comprehensive information about the solar resource. Here, the newest and highest resolution...

The purpose of this article is to highlight teachers’ beliefs and practices towards storytelling in the mother tongue in Ugandan rural classrooms and the effect this could have on efforts to promote reading, such as the mother-tongue (MT) education programme in Uganda and the African Storybook Project (ASb). The article demonstrates that although there are initiatives to promote storytelling in the mother tongue in Ugandan primary schools to enhance reading and literacy acquisition, teachers...

Despite global efforts to end violence against children in all settings, reports reveal that violence against children is still highly prevalent, especially in low-and middle- income countries. Violence in childhood is associated with a host of negative outcomes, and exposure in one setting can easily spill over to other contexts. For instance, exposure to family violence was not only related to mental health problems but also seems to be a risk factor for peer victimization. The present...

Purpose Schooling is associated with a lower risk of Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in adolescent girls and young women, but there is little understanding of the pathways underlying this relationship. Methods We used data from adolescent girls and young women in South Africa enrolled in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 study. We tested a structural equation model where individual household and community education measures were associated directly and indirectly with incident HSV-2...