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Background: Tobacco use is a major public health concern worldwide.Zambia has been controlling tobacco use in terms of legislative interventions, and acceding to the World Health organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC).The study was aimed to determine the baseline prevalence of current smoking to be used in the evaluation of the implementation of the WHO FCTC. Methods: Survey data from the 2002 and 2007 GlobalYouth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) were used to estimate the...

Population studies on normal and dysfunctional characteristics of menstrual cycles are scarce in Ethiopia. In addition variability in menarcheal age and menstrual characteristics are common. Knowledge on this variability is necessary for patient education and to guide clinical evaluation.A cross sectional study was conducted in two small towns called Dabat and Kola Diba, northwest Ethiopia between April and May 2007. Systematic sampling method was used to select 622 school girls from two...

In Gondar University Teaching Hospital standardized tuberculosis prevention and control programme, incorporating Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS) started in 2000. According to the proposal of World Health Organization (WHO), treatment outcome is an important indicator of tuberculosis control programs. This study investigated the outcome of tuberculosis treatment at Gondar University Teaching Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia.We analyzed the records of 4000 tuberculosis patients...

A “severe and persistent five year drought” has left more than 20 million people in desperate need of food throughout east Africa. Launching an appeal this week, Oxfam said that the worst affected countries are Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, and Uganda. Other countries hit are Djibouti, Sudan, and Tanzania. The charity, one of several to launch separate emergency appeals in the past few days, warned, “The aid response to the crisis needs to rapidly expand, but it is desperately short of...

Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 46, Issue 9 p. 18125A-18125B EAST AFRICA: Military Training First published: 16 October 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2009.02575.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and...

Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 46, Issue 9 p. 18131A-18132A EDUCATION: Africa First published: 16 October 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2009.02584.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley...

Purpose To determine the prevalence and causes of decreased visual acuity (VA) in a population-based study of minority preschool children. Design Population-based, cross-sectional study. Participants Children 30 to 72 months of age in 44 census tracts in Los Angeles County. Methods A population-based sample of children underwent comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation including monocular VA testing, cover testing, cycloplegic autorefraction, anterior segment and fundus evaluation, and VA...

Step heating and in-vacuo crushing helium and neon data of alkali basalt-hosted ultramafic xenolith whole rock and mineral separates from the Cameroon Volcanic Line centers of Annobon, Bioko, Oku and Ngaoundere are reported for the first time. Step heating data reveals large 3He/4He (up to 118 ± 8Ra, where Ra is the atmospheric ratio of 1.4 × 10−6) and 21Ne/22Ne (up to 0.20 ± 0.03) isotopic anomalies resulting from the presence of cosmic ray-derived 3He (3Hec) and 21Ne (21Nec). Crushing of...

To our knowledge, the impact of socioeconomic and health related factors on the iron status of adolescent girls has never been studied in Benin.These factors were studied in 180 girls aged 12 to 17 years living in two boarding schools from South Benin.Iron deficiency (ID) was defined as either serum ferritin (SF) < 20 microg/L or SF between 20-50 microg/L plus two abnormal values in the three following parameters: serum iron < 11 micromol/L, total iron binding capacity > 73 micromol/L or...

Tinea capitis is a worldwide public health problem that poses specific therapeutic challenge. This dermatophytosis of the scalp is characteristically a fungal infection affecting children between 5 and 15 years of age. A decision on treatment of tinea capitis requires identification of the specific causative fungal agent or at least establishment of the prevalence of a given dermatophyte in a given community.to estimate the prevalence of tinea capitis, assess predisposing risk factors and...

The representation of firstborns among 1,293 (650 women, 643 men) university freshmen in Kenya ( M age = 20.8 yr., SD = 1.9) was explored. In a situation where university admission is very competitive, it was hypothesized that firstborns would be numerically more represented than later borns. The results indicated (a) an overall preponderance of the firstborns (20%), (b) only children and lastborns were the least represented groups at 1 and 5%, respectively, and (c) firstborns tended to come...

This study investigates the creation of students' academic slang expressions at the University of Botswana with data obtained from 32 items in a questionnaire consisting of 89 items. The semantic process of extension is the most widespread creative process, producing 101 (66%) out of 153 selected slang expressions. Five morphological processes, compounding, derivation, conversion, acronymy and reduplication, together produce the remaining 52 (34%) expressions. Also the process of semantic...

The Ghana Education Trust Fund (GETFund), funded by a percentage of the national Value Added Tax, has had as its purpose, since its establish- ment in 2000, the enhancement of primary, secondary and particularly terti- ary education. This research paper examines the perceptions of key stakeholders as to the contributions, thus far, of the GETFund in address- ing principal objectives and challenges such as infrastructural develop- ment, research and faculty development, the promotion of...

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. October 2009. Major: Work and Human Resource Education. Advisor: Dr. Theodore Lewis, Ph.D. 1 computer file (PDF); viii, 165 pages, appendices A-I.

Changes in business environments have challenged the competencies (technical knowledge, skills and attitudes) of professional accountants. Accounting professions have responded by developing competency frameworks. In 2008, the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA) issued a draft competency framework encapsulating a broad range of knowledge, skills and attributes. The objective of the study reported on here was to determine training officers’ perceptions of the knowledge...

International Journal of Gynecology & ObstetricsVolume 107, Issue S2 p. S179-S179 Free communication (oral) presentations O303 The Academy Charity Teaching Hospital's experience in manual vacuum aspirator as a tool for intrauterine manipulation – Khartoum, Sudan A. Fazari Bashir, A. Fazari BashirSearch for more papers by this authorK. Elmusharaf, K. ElmusharafSearch for more papers by this authorA. Elnour, A. ElnourSearch for more papers by this authorT. Ali Mohamed, T. Ali MohamedSearch for...

Abstract By using a detailed agricultural and climate dataset over Burkina-Faso and simple assumptions regarding the form of an insurance contract, the authors investigate the potential economic efficiency for farmers of a weather-index insurance system in this country. To do so, the results of more than 3000 simulated contracts applied to 30 districts, 21 yr (1984–2004), and five crops (cotton, millet, sorghum, maize, and groundnut) are explored. It is found that such an insurance system,...

Can global warming be mitigated by carbon trading? With climate change posing perhaps the gravest threat to humanity in coming decades, and with free market economics still dominated by a few wealthy nations, it is little wonder so much effort has gone into creating a carbon market, no matter how much evidence has recently emerged about its flaws. South Africa, a revealing pilot site, has initiated carbon trading projects with adverse economic, environmental and social impacts. This country...

(2009). Achieving Success with African American Learners: A Framework for Culturally Responsive Mathematics Teaching. Childhood Education: Vol. 86, No. 1, pp. 2-6.