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<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background:</ns4:bold> Social contact patterns shape the transmission of respiratory infections spread via close interactions. There is a paucity of observational data from schools and households, particularly in developing countries. Portable wireless sensors can record unbiased proximity events between individuals facing each other, shedding light on pathways of infection transmission.</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Design and methods:</ns4:bold> The aim is to characterize...

Soil moisture (SM) at three depths (15, 25, and 30 cm), derived from the optical trapezoidal model (OPTRAM), was used for multiyear, multisite monitoring of agricultural droughts over two agricultural crops (Maize and Soybean) in southern Mozambique. The OPTRAM was implemented using satellite data from Sentinel-2 and was validated against field SM assessed by gravimetric methods and by Watermark Sensors in sandy-soils with very low water holding capacity (0.13 cm3 / cm3). The OPTRAM model...

Different factors control the types of adaptive strategies and likelihoods of experiencing climate change-induced impacts by smallholder farmers. By using a mixed research method, this study examines the types and determinants of climate change-induced impacts on smallholder rural farmers in drought-prone low lands of Sidama, Southern Ethiopia. Randomly selected (401) households were surveyed on climate change-induced impacts. Longitudinal climatic data were also collected from the Ethiopian...

Background: Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) is regarded as the most cost-effective intervention in reducing female-to-male transmission of HIV in countries where heterosexual transmission is the most prevalent mode of infection. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the awareness, sexual behaviours and perceptions of college students in Dr Kenneth Kaunda District, South Africa. Method: A cross-sectional design was engaged among a sample of 400 students selected using a...

Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) prevents incision site infection. We assessed SAP compliance with existing international guidelines, evaluated the appropriateness of the antimicrobial doses, and determined the risk factors for antimicrobial under-dosing. A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who under-went surgery and administered antimicrobial prophylaxis. Compliance with SAP guidelines was evaluated. Antimicrobial doses were categorized as under-, normal-, or...

Similar to many other low- and middle-income countries, public private partnership (PPP) in the training of the health workforce has been emphasized since the launch of the 1990s' health sector reforms in Tanzania. PPP in training aims to contribute to addressing the critical shortage of health workforce in these countries. This study aimed to analyse the policy process and experienced outcomes of PPP for the training of doctors in Tanzania two decades after the 1990s' health sector reforms....

<ns5:p><ns5:bold>Background: </ns5:bold>The majority of newborn deaths occur during the first week of life, and 25‒45% occur within the first 24 hours. A low-dose, high-frequency (LDHF) training approach was introduced in 40 hospitals in Ghana to improve newborn survival. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore healthcare workers’ experiences with the LDHF approach to in-service training.</ns5:p><ns5:p> <ns5:bold>Methods: </ns5:bold>A total of 20 in-depth interviews and nine focus...

This study investigated the influence of teachers’ qualification in the teaching of technical drawing in technical colleges in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. One hypothesis was formulated to guide the study: there is no significant difference in teachers’ effectiveness between teachers with B. Sc. (Ed) qualification and NCE (Tech.) qualification in the teaching of technical drawing in technical colleges. The study adopted a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey research design....

Background: Pancytopenia is a haematologic condition characterised by leukopenia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Pancytopenia is not a diagnosis and has to be qualified by determination of its cause. The aetiologies of pancytopenia are diverse, and study of bone marrow histomorphology via cytology and histology are key components that assist in the determination of the underlying cause. Pancytopenia is encountered regularly in medical practice in Zambia, however, no studies have been...

The Lesotho Education Quality for Equality Project aims to support the Government of Lesotho in its efforts to improve the equity of basic education and enhance the skills of Basotho students with the aim of contributing to positive social and economic outcomes particularly for the poorest in the country. The main rationale for project restructuring is to provide basic facilities such as classrooms and latrines that are needed to improve learning conditions in the most deprived, poorest and...

This study explores how peace education in Rwandan secondary schools has faced challenges linked with the content of the programme, its implementers, and the environment in which it has to evolve. The research focuses on how students take different sources of information and how they respond to messages contradictory to the curriculum peace content taught at school. The research shows how messages contradictory to the curriculum peace content were moulded in families and/or amongst peers...

Aims: This study addressed the effect of problem-solving technique on students’ academic performance in stoichiometry in Senior Secondary Schools in Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria.&#x0D; Study Design: Quasi-experimental design specifically pre-test post-test control groups non-randomized design was adopted. &#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Senior Secondary Schools in Port Harcourt Local Government Area of Rivers State located at the South-South Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria and lasted...

The largest treatment gap for mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders to date exists in Sub-Saharan Africa (e.g., South Africa, Malawi, Nigeria).  While efforts have been made to reduce the global burden of MNS disorders, there remain significant barriers to delivery of equitable mental health care in Africa and the diaspora. These barriers are deeply rooted in a lack of research structures to inform care delivery, few outlets to train in-country mental health professionals,...

It has been observed that students with visual impairment often have wrong adjustment which has been affecting their wholesome personality and in particular, social adjustment. Previous studies have not adequately addressed their social adjustment. This study, therefore examined assistive technology, self-esteem and home factors as predictors of social adjustment among students with visual impairment in Lagos state, Nigeria.The study adopted survey research design of ex-post facto type....

Over the past few years, international organisations have advanced Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) as a global policy to promote sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) and address gender-based violence in schools. This paper analyses policy adoption, transfer mechanisms, and reformulation of CSE in Ethiopia, a late adopter of the policy. To do this, we identify education policy transfer mechanisms and apply a gender analysis by focusing on conceptualisations of gender...

This article analyses the emergence of ‘teenage pregnancy’ as a new policy focus in post-Ebola Sierra Leone and explores how Sierra Leoneans interpret the problem of ‘teenage pregnancy’. I argue that the new policy focus is not indicative of changing or new problems. Rather, ‘teenage pregnancy’ has created opportunities for donors and the Government of Sierra Leone to continue cooperation in gender politics. At the same time, Sierra Leoneans are clearly concerned about ‘teenage pregnancy’,...

This paper presents a brief historical look at education for young African American men from the post-Civil War era to the present. It explores reasons why education for this group has become a less favorable aspiration than when education became available to them. Changing role models are strong factors that negatively influence school participation and excellence. Suggestions for ways to instill resilience in young African American men to excel academically are offered, as well as areas for further study

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