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Introduction/Background Medical simulation is a proven, powerful tool that is increasingly being used for training healthcare workers worldwide. Unfortunately, high-fidelity simulation has predominately remained an instrument found in high resource countries and experience with simulation for medical training in austere environments remains primarily anecdotal,1 and has not been extensively documented in the scientific literature.2,3 Anesthesia delivery in Sierra Leone, as with many other...

Purpose To assess the prevalence of refractive error and visual impairment in private school children in Ghana. Methods A random selection of geographically defined classes in clusters was used to identify a sample of school children aged 12 to 15 years in the Ashanti Region. Children in 60 clusters were enumerated and examined in classrooms. The examination included visual acuity, retinoscopy, autorefraction under cycloplegia, and examination of anterior segment, media, and fundus. For...

Reproductive health is an essential aspect of the wellbeing of adolescents. Therefore reproductive health knowledge and sexual behaviour deservedly attract the attention of researchers, programme planners and policy implementers working with young people. Yet in Nigeria, little is known about the effect of migration status on reproductive health knowledge and sexual activities of young people in general and out-of-school adolescent girls in particular. This study used data from a survey of...

Volcanic eruptions on the deep sea floor have traditionally been assumed to be non-explosive as the high-pressure environment should greatly inhibit steam-driven explosions. Nevertheless, occasional evidence both from (generally slow-) spreading axes and intraplate seamounts has hinted at explosive activity at large water depths. Here we present evidence from a submarine field of volcanic cones and pit craters called Charles Darwin Volcanic Field located at about 3600 m depth on the lower...

Background Combating poverty and illiteracy represents the cornerstone for promoting health among Egyptian children; yet, drop out from the elementary education is a major problem facing stakeholders in Egyptian governorates. To tackle this problem, many projects were implemented such as reading and writing classes, and Girls Education Initiatives (GEIs). Objectives The aim of the study was to construct a clinical and laboratory database for students attending the Girls Education Initiative...

Prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) varies from 1-3%. Genetic causes of ID are being increasingly recognized. Although multiple mutations have been identified as a cause of syndromic ID, the genetic etiology of non-syndromic ID is poorly understood. However, more than 100 loci have been mapped that are associated with non-syndromic ID. There have been a couple of reports of AP4B1 gene mutation causing severe intellectual disability, absent speech, shy character, stereotypic laughter,...

Across the developed world, schools of social work typically offer their field education programs in an organised fashion that meets the accreditation standards set down by the national accrediting professional association which, in turn are consistent with international standards. In developing countries this is not necessarily the case. This paper reports on a small research project that was conducted to review the current situation in social work education in Papua New Guinea, and to act...

Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) is an instructional strategy designed to help students with culturally and linguistically diverse abilities and students with learning disabilities and other disabilities acquire and practicecomprehension strategies for use with informational text (Klingner & Vaughn, 1996). CSR was adapted from reciprocal teaching, an instructional activity that involves a dialogue between teacher and students. In reciprocal teaching, the teacher and students take...

The objective of this paper is to report on the findings of the study conducted with teacher trainees from the North-West province of South Africa on the challenges of and prospects for a teaching practice programme. A case study method in the form of qualitative descriptive research was used for the methodology and design of the research. A sample of 20 out of 200 teacher trainees who had spent a minimum of 2 years at the tertiary institution was randomly selected. The data analysis was...

This manuscript investigates the vulnerability of food security in terms of floating rice production in the Inner Niger Delta to upstream water resources management (reservoir management) and population growth under climate change and variability in the time period 2011–2050. Reservoir management and climate change have large impacts on the inflow patterns into the Inner Niger Delta and thus on the extent and duration of the flooded surface area, which in turn is closely linked to ecological...

The concept of child friendly schools (CFS) was developed by the United Nations Children’s Education Fund (UNICEF) in partnership with the Ministry of Education to improve the education of Kenyan children. The study was an analysis of the socio-administrative influence on child friendly schools implementation process in Uasin Gishu County. This paper examines the role of head teachers in promotion of community linkages to enhance CFS implementation process. The study was anchored on Krovets...

According to the flaws of traditional Life-Cycle Approach (LCA) and federate development based on High Level Architecture (HLA) such as bad adaptability, weak reusability and low efficiency in the development of large-scale complex distributed simulation systems, we propose an improved method named Fast Development of Complex Distributed Simulation System (FDCDSS) and design a simple, easy-to-use middleware of rapid development named Simulation Interface Package (SPI) which encapsulates the...

Education in transfusion medicine, aimed at clinical transfusion practice, is limited in most South African pre- and postgraduate medical training programs. A number of local and global factors impact on the need for and provision of transfusion medicine education programs in South Africa, which are discussed in this paper. A perspective is provided on the effects of issues such as global versus local training need, blood safety, appropriate use of blood in resource-restrained environments,...

This study describes the social networks of secondary school students in Moshi Municipality, and their association with self-rated risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 300 students aged 15–24 years in 5 secondary schools in Moshi, Tanzania. Bonding networks were defined as social groupings of students participating in activities within the school, while bridging networks were groups that included students participating...

The status of women has generally become a human rights issue the world over, and Zimbabwe has not been left behind in that debate. Unfortunately, some men and women still believe that for women to occupy influential positions in society is testimony to the coming of the end of the world. As a way of buttressing men's patriarchal or chauvinistic views, the bible is invoked to remind women about their place and role in society. Using a random sampling method, interviews were conducted with...