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The school library scene in Southern Africa is not impressive. Even where the picture is slightly better the school library does not play a meaningful role in the school curriculum. For most of the countries in the region the battle for establishing this educational component which contributes to the image of a good school needs to be restarted from the drawing board. South Africa has to learn from the mistakes of these countries in order to avoid similar pitfalls. The Reconstruction and...

The ways in which herbivores regulate their energy and water balance under hot, dry conditions are briefly reviewed. Cattle account for about two-thirds of the biomass of domestic stock in Africa, but their Eurasian origin means that their physiology and grazing behaviour are not wholly adapted to the natural pastures and climate of Africa, especially when drought strikes. In general, most herbivores can withstand heat and water shortage quite well, provided conditions do not become extreme....

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of an education program in Tanzania designed to reduce children's risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to improve their tolerance of and care for people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).A randomized controlled community trial including baseline and 12-month follow-up surveys was employed. Public primary schools in the Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions of Tanzania were stratified according to location and...

Most of the extension fractures located in the Ethiopian rift are related to rift dynamics, and they have consistently similar orientations for hundreds of kilometers. The orientation of extension fracture gives the local extension direction which is perpendicular to its horns (end segments of an extension fracture). We have established clear geometrical relationships between tectonics and volcanism in the Main Ethiopian Rift by interpreting high-resolution images obtained from Landsat-TM...

Mathematics education has been heralded for its leadership role in the U.S. school reform effort (Stein, Grover,&Henningsen, 1996; Grant, Peterson, & Shojgreen- Downer, 1996). Prominent in the reform of mathematics education is the call for students not merely to memorize formulas and rules and apply procedures but rather to engage in the processes of mathematical thinking, that is, to do what mathematicians and other professional users of mathematics do. The revamped mathematics...

Granophyric blocks within late-Pleistocene pyroclastic flow ejecta from the Alid volcanic center, northeast Africa, are the rapidly crystallized, intrusive equivalent of pumice from the pyroclastic flow. Phenocryst compositions and geochemical characteristics of the pumice and granophyre are virtually identical. Silicate melt inclusions and other geochemical and geological constraints reveal those processes leading to development of the granophyric texture. Rhyolitic (A-type) magma with ∼2.6...

vermicular to cuneiform (Barker, 1970).Typically, the Granophyric blocks within late-Pleistocene pyroclastic flow ejecta from the Alid volcanic center, northeast Africa, are the rapidly groundmass feldspars radiate off pre-existing feldspar crystallized, intrusive equivalent of pumice from the pyroclastic flow.phenocrysts, with which they are in optical continuity Phenocryst compositions and geochemical characteristics of the (Dunham, 1965).Some workers prefer the term pumice and granophyre...

Population growth in Egypt has led to the creation of several urban squatter settlements. The aim of the present work was to study the prevalence and some potential risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among preschool children in a randomly chosen urban squatter settlement in Alexandria, Egypt. A house to house cross-sectional survey was conducted during late 1995. Data were collected through questionnaire interview regarding socio-demographic and environmental conditions from...

Pollution of the environment is becoming an increasingly serious problem. A large contributor to this is industry which generates effluent as a by-product of its production process. Two methods of controlling the pollution generated by industry are the so-called “command and control” techniques and economic incentives. In theory, economic incentives promise a more economically efficient and equitable means of pollution control. This paper sets out to ascertain whether this would hold in...

In this article, Asgedet Stefanos examines women and education in the east African nation of Eritrea. She tackles as her central questions whether, and to what extent, Eritrean women have been achieving emancipation; and, if so, what role education has played in that process. Stefanos begins by providing a historical overview that delineates Eritrean women's general social condition and access to education in pre-colonial traditional society and during the eras of Italian and British...

African American and Latin American elementary students (ages 6-12) from low-income, urban neighborhoods were interviewed about the fairness of 4 teaching practices. Five conceptions of fairness, identified in previous studies with Caucasian students, were evident. This suggests that, to some degree, American children from diverse ethnic groups agree on how the learning process should be organized. Nevertheless, sociocultural variation was also evident. Consistent with previous studies, most...

African American and Latin American elementary students (ages 6-12) from low-income, urban neighborhoods were interviewed about the fairness of 4 teaching practices. Five conceptions of fairness, identified in previous studies with Caucasian students, were evident. This suggests that, to some degree, American children from diverse ethnic groups agree on how the learning process should be organized. Nevertheless, sociocultural variation was also evident. Consistent with previous studies, most...

African American and Latin American elementary students (ages 6-12) from low-income, urban neighborhoods were interviewed about the fairness of 4 teaching practices. Five conceptions of fairness, identified in previous studies with Caucasian students, were evident. This suggests that, to some degree, American children from diverse ethnic groups agree on how the learning process should be organized. Nevertheless, sociocultural variation was also evident. Consistent with previous studies, most...

Twentieth century changes in the terminal position of the Franz Josef Glacier on the west coast of New Zealand are compared with an area-averaged mean annual rainfall series for the summer rainfall region of South Africa. Distinctive teleconnections are evident in an out-of-phase relationship between the two series, each of which exhibits an oscillation of 18–20 years. Periods of glacial advance are shown to coincide with extended dry spells in South Africa, when drought years are prevalent....