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Background Tobacco consumption, and consequent morbidity and mortality, are expected to grow most markedly over the coming decades in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) was developed in response to the globalisation of the tobacco epidemic and it presents a unique opportunity to reduce the global burden of tobacco. However, data on smoking in LMICs, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa as well as data on the progress of FCTC...

This chapter examines the patterns of pastoral adaptation to arid environments, how the adaptive processes are affected by extended periods of drought, and what types of development might be appropriate under those conditions. The Boran-Gabra pastoral ecosystem is basically stable in spite of the fact that it is periodically exposed to deep perturbations. Boran wells reveal another feature of their symbiotic relationship with trees. A specialized type of nomadism has evolved in Boran and...

Abstract Background In the Gambia, three out of four women of reproductive age have undergone Female Genital Cutting (FGC). Many studies and policy advocates suggest that for such a practice that is deeply rooted in culture, a more holistic approach focusing on educating the population will have sustainable impact. This research examined whether educational level of women has an association with their attitude towards the practice of FGC. Methods Data from the 2013 Gambia Demographic Health...

The study investigated the impact of internet services availability, accessibility and usage on secondary school teachers’ professional development in Lagos, Nigeria. Before internet services can be useful, it must be available and easily accessible. The study adopted a descriptive design survey type. The researchers’ made instrument tagged Internet Services and Professional Development Questionnaire (ISPDQ) was used to collate data. The instrument reliability coefficient was 0.79. 200...

The study investigated the impact of internet services availability, accessibility and usage on secondary school teachers professional development in Lagos, Nigeria. Before internet services can be useful, it must be available and easily accessible. The study adopted a descriptive design survey type. The researchers made instrument tagged Internet Services and Professional Development Questionnaire (ISPDQ) was used to collate data. The instrument reliability coefficient was 0.79. 200...

This paper attempts to illuminate the rationale of continuous assessment for competence development in secondary schools in Tanzania. Although, the curriculum for secondary schools in Tanzania has changed from content-based to competency-based, most teachers in secondary schools are still practicing traditional pen-and-pencil continuous assessment which is far from developing competence in students. There is a dire need for revising the assessment procedures, particularly continuous...

The relationship between protected forested areas and neighboring residents in developing countries has been one of conflict. Tourism has both direct and indirect benefits to residents neighboring ...

The learnability of school curriculum has been attributed to students perception of different school subjects which also determines the level of students performance and ultimately the achievability of the intended curriculum objectives. Studies had been conducted in other subject area apart from Civic Education which is relatively new in the Nigerian Secondary School curriculum. This paper examines students perceived difficulty levels in Civic Education curriculum content and the factors...

The learnability of school curriculum has been attributed to students’ perception of different school subjects which also determines the level of students’ performance and ultimately the achievability of the intended curriculum objectives.  Studies had been conducted in other subject area apart from Civic Education which is relatively new in the Nigerian Secondary School curriculum. This paper examines students’ perceived difficulty levels in Civic Education curriculum content and the...

The professional development (PD) programmes initiated by the Algerian ministry of higher education for newly recruited teachers: “ICT and Pedagogical Practices” and “Pedagogical Accompaniment” cannot prepare the novice teachers for all the challenges they may face along their career. Accordingly, teachers need to look out for additional training opportunities. One of these opportunities is found in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Nevertheless, research on applying MOOCs for continuous...

In this study, the influence of leader-member exchange on teachers’ communication satisfaction and turnover intention is examined. A regression analysis shows that the independent variable (leader-member exchange) has a direct and significant effect on the dependent variables (communication satisfaction and turnover intention) in five vocational colleges examined in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The findings confirm previous findings about the impact of workplace relationships on...

Over the last two decades, the rapid growth of learner enrolments in schools in most countries, including South Africa, has brought many challenges, such as a high learner-educator ratio (LER). The purpose of the study reported on was to explore an LER policy that can enhance learner academic achievement in physical sciences. Effective learning demands opportunities for learners to become actively involved in their physical sciences education. Thus, the physical sciences educator should not...

This study was a pretest-posttest design that examined secondary teachers’ perceptions of reading and growth about their knowledge of reading instruction and assessment over a seven-month period. One researcher facilitated a one day professional development workshop to secondary teachers’ (N=24) that focused on effective reading instruction components, reading assessment, and how to use the data in their classrooms, specifically for struggling readers. The survey results indicated there was...

This study examines how income-driven governance affects inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa with data for the period 2000–2012. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) and Tobit regressions. Nine bundled and unbundled concepts of governance are used: political (voice & accountability and political stability/no violence), economic (government effectiveness and regulation quality) and institutional (corruption-control and the rule of law)...

In 2016 the United Nation Relief and Work Agency for Palestine refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) commissioned a survey on oral health among 12-year-old students at UNRWA schools in five fields of operation (Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Gaza Strip and West Bank), following World Health Organization guidelines. The survey aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases among Palestine students attending UNRWA schools and how this has changed over time.A two-stage...