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The United Nations adopted eight Millennium Development Goals in 2000. Five of these target issues are in respect of poverty and hunger, reduction in child mortality, improving maternal health, the fighting of HIV, AIDS, malaria and other diseases, and the assurance of environmental sustainability. Relationships between nutrition, food, hunger and poverty are discussed. In the second part of the article we speculate on how some philosophical and paradigmatic approaches may influence...

This article examines current adaptation strategies developed by local farmers against climate change effects in Kilombero District.Research questions guided the study include; what are the past and current climatic stresses?What are local farmers' perception on climate change and response to the adverse climatic stresses?What are institutions and political structures influencing local farmer's adaptive capacity?The study was carried out in Mpofu, Njage and Miwangani villages.Data were...

This study analyses the trend of climatic factors (rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature and humidity) in Niger state, Nigeria, as one of the major states contributing to the total rice output of the country.This study also describes the trend in rice production of Niger state and determined the factors affecting the output of rice in the state.Secondary data from 1981-2010 were used.The analytical tools used were descriptive analysis, unit root and co-integration.The result of the...

This thesis analyzes the social networks and spatial mobility of Moroccan students in France. Themain focus is on the socio-spatial practices and patterns generated by the students’ networks, andon the various spatialities and connected places they produce. The thesis provides insights into aparticular type of short-term migration, and outlines how this form of migration leads to theappropriation of places and a relational, multi-nodal presence that situates students in a continuumbetween...

Handwashing with soap effectively reduces exposure to diarrhea-causing pathogens.Interventions to improve hygiene and sanitation conditions in schools within low-income countries have gained increased attention; however, their impact on schoolchildren's exposure to fecal pathogens has not been established.Our trial examined whether a school-based water, sanitation, and hygiene intervention reduced Escherichia coli contamination on pupils' hands in western Kenya.A hygiene promotion and water...

Tracer studies are one of the tools that educational institutions may use to gauge the applicability of the courses they offer to their work environments. This study traced records and archives management (RAM) alumni who graduated from the National University of Science and Technology between 2008 and 2012. The main purpose of the study was to find out where RAM graduates were and what they were doing and establish if the skills they acquired during their education placed them in jobs...

Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to present an experiential audit of initial data accumulated in 3 years since inception in 2007 of mammographic and sono-mammographic work at the Radiology Department of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu.Materials and MethodsIn the three years under review 443 patient records were examined.Results: Majority of the women were in the mid-forties.Breast pain was the leading complaint (54.8%). This was followed by complaint of...

Climate change impacts as well as coastal development affect the livelihoods of the coastal communities mainly the fishermen, agriculturalist and farmers who are highly dependent on the coastal resources to earn a living. There is at present a need to strengthen coastal zone management to cater for climate change impacts as well as to provide room for inclusive coastal development so that the main economic sector (tourism), highly dependent on coastal resources, continues to flourish but not...

Interventions 3. Outcomes 4. Design 5. Randomization method 6. Sample size 7. Heterogeneous effects 8. Covariates 9. Equations to be estimated 10. Multiple outcomes 11.Attrition 12. Outcomes with limited variation 13.Spill-overs 14.ITT -ATE 15.Others 16.

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of teachers’ perception of school administration on their professional effectiveness (Lesson presentation, use of instructional aids, evaluation of students, learning motivation, supervision of cocurricular activities personal/professional qualities) in Cross River State of Nigeria. We determined whether the level of professional effectiveness among some secondary school teachers is related to the way they perceive school administration. An...

Purpose To assess subjectively the image quality (IQ) of pelvic radiographic examinations in a Nigerian university teaching hospital, using the Commission of European Communities (CEC) image criteria in order to establish base data for image optimization in pelvic radiography. Materials and method A retrospective study was undertaken of 194 AP pelvis radiographs (period 2000 to 2008) that were housed in the radiographic film library of the University of Calabar teaching hospital. Eighty-six...

This paper seeks to explore stakeholders’ views on the effects of students’ participation in co-curricular activities in secondary schools. It explores the perceptions held by heads of schools, teachers, students, chairpersons of school boards, school inspectors and parents towards academic, physical and social development of students as a result of engaging in co-curricular activities. Stakeholders’ views helped to determine the value attached to the activities in comparison to the...

In Tanzania, tutors have been given a major role in creating awareness of HIV/AIDS and in ensuring sustainability of knowledge and skills to youth in particular to protect them. Using cross-sectional research design, we studied the attitudes of tutors towards HIV/AIDS in teachers’ training colleges in Tanzania. Our findings suggested that tutors were aware of transmission of HIV/AIDS but there was low indication of use of condom which is explained partly by the socio-cultural influences on...

Tanzania presents a perfect case of former colonies that have strived to redress colonial legacies. The Africanization policy adopted after independence and cemented in the 1967 Arusha Declaration was a deliberate move to replace foreign workforce and practices with African values. Education was one of the sectors that needed and, indeed, received a lot of transformations. This paper particularly discusses language practices in the education system in Tanzania in that context. While both...

Background The provision of residential services for adults with intellectual disability in developing countries has not been widely researched. This study presents a survey of such facilities in a South African context.Method Managers of 37 nongovernmental facilities in the Western Cape Province of South Africa responded to a survey about their facilities and their residents.Results Facilities struggled with accessing adequate funding, and tended to focus more on their protective role than...

In this paper, we examine the issue of male dominance in Nigeria’s party politics where men occupy more than 90% of elective positions. In order words, women occupy less than 10%. Generally, all over the world, men dominate politics, although, in some countries, such as Rwanda and South Africa, women occupy over 40% of the positions due to the quota policy. In Nigeria where such policy is not implemented, certain factors limit the participation of women in politics. These are cultural,...