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Based on the results of surveys that screened women attending prenatal clinics in November 1996 for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it is estimated that 2-4 million people in South Africa are HIV-positive and that 90,000 of them will develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by the end of 1997. According to Rose Smart, director of the national AIDS control program of South Africa's Ministry of Health, a pilot project developed in KwaZulu-Natal by the African Medical Research...

This study examined the phenomenon of studying while working (SWW) as curriculum development programmes in three Nigerian universities. The three universities which were randomly selected are among those which admit Nigeria Certificate in Education (NGE) teachers as direct entrants to study for their first degrees (BScEd, BAEd, or BEd). The research design used was the Analytical Survey type. All the final‐year sandwich‐degree education students in the three universities for the 1992‐93...

We report the results of epidemiological research carried out using a sample of 1,001 children between the ages of 4 and 15 in the city of Abidjan. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and the occurrence of intestinal helminthiasis. The variables evaluated in this study were the monthly income of the parents, daily food budget per person, number of people sharing accommodation, availability of running water and electricity, availability of...

We report the results of epidemiological research carried out using a sample of 1,001 children between the ages of 4 and 15 in the city of Abidjan. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and the occurrence of intestinal helminthiasis. The variables evaluated in this study were the monthly income of the parents, daily food budget per person, number of people sharing accommodation, availability of running water and electricity, availability of...

The impact of duration of education, cannabis addiction and smoking on cognition and brain aging is studied in 211 normal Egyptian volunteers with mean age 46.4+/-3.6 years (range: 20-76 years). Subjects were classified into two groups: Gr I (non-addicts) with 174 subjects, mean age 49.9+/-3.8 years (range 20-76 years), smokers and non-smokers, educated and non-educated and Gr II (cannabis addicts) with 37 subjects, mean age 43.6+/-2.6 years (range 20-72 years) all smokers, educated and...

Abstract This study was undertaken to ascertain the interplay between scientific experiences and participation in school science among girls in the first year of senior‐level classes in four secondary schools (two all‐girls and two mixed) in Nigeria. The outcomes indicate that: ft) girls in science tend to participate in activities which relate to living aspects of science and those which are academic, but only occasionally in tinkering activities; (ii) experience in academic and physical...

Sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs) remain a public health problem in Benin. However, few studies have focused on the future educators, the student nurses. We studied a cross-section of the population of student nurses at the Institut National Médico-Social at Cotonou in December, 1995. The aim of the study was to describe nurses' sexual behavior and their views on STD transmission and prevention. Information was obtained from 141 students by means of an anonymous questionnaire. We found...

This study examined the effects of mentor ethnicity, cultural sensitivity, and student level of cultural mistrust on perceptions of mentor credibility and cultural competence. African American men attending west coast community colleges listened to a tape-recorded mentoring session in which the faculty mentor was described as eitherAfrican American or European American and was portrayed as either culturally responsive or culturally unresponsive. Mentor ethnicity, as well as an interaction...

An instructional program emphasizing African American history and culture was examined to determine the classroom experiences that were present as well as the program's impact on achievement motivation. Ethnic minority middle school students (N = 18) and their teacher participated. Data included a semi structured teacher interview and student measures of self-perceptions of competence and intrinsic motivation. Students displayed average levels of perceived competence and intrinsic...

Hypertensive patients are likely to have an exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response during physical exertion. When moderate aerobic exercise was added to medical antihypertensive therapy in patients with severe hypertension, excessive elevations in BP during physical exertion were attenuated even with a modest reduction in BP at rest.

This article provides a description of counseling services in one southern African nation and documents the results of a qualitative investigation of that nation's counselor training needs. Implications for cross-cultural training are drawn from the study, and related complexities are elaborated. The findings of the study are synthesized with the outcomes of a follow-up study and with the results of subsequent related research on indigenous healing practices in three southern African...

Abstract As computers become commonplace in the nation's schools, interactive maps are finding their way into the geography classroom. Students can use electronic atlases to access information as well as use authoring software to produce their own interactive maps. Does this change in media correspond to better geography education for our children? This article addresses whether using interactive maps for gathering and presenting information can have a positive influence on learning...

Nearly 10% of the world's population lives in sub-Saharan Africa, a region comprised of many countries with least developed nation status. The region has a predominantly young population and many children in the region are at risk of pathologies associated with hearing loss. Despite the constraints associated with low socioeconomic levels, a number of valuable studies have been carried out into the prevalence and etiology of childhood hearing loss in the sub-Saharan region. A review of the...

A cross sectional survey on intestinal parasite infections was carried out in 5,313 pupils between the ages of ten and fifteen years in 98 primary schools in Kampala. The aim was to identify the types and distribution of intestinal parasites and to estimate the prevalence in school children. Trichuris trichiura (28%), Ascaris lumbricoides (17%) and hookworms (12.9%) were common infections among the children. Other less commonly found parasites were S.mansoni, Strongyloides stercolaris,...

The study aimed to establish if there was any relationship between the blood group of the human host and schistosomiasis prevalence, intensity, incidence and related organ pathology. Urine and stool specimens were collected from the 735 school children attending a rural school in Zimbabwe to determine the Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni infection status of the children. The parasitology results were used to calculate prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis infection. All the...

Soils in the northwestern region of Rwanda developed from volcanic materials that originated from eruptions of six volcanoes during the Quaternary period. This study assessed primarily soil morphological, chemical, and physical property differences along a toposequence on the slopes of these volcanoes. Three representative soil pedons were described in the field and sampled for laboratory analyses from sites located at 2700-m, 2400-m, and 2000-m elevations on the slopes of one of the...

Colloidal constituents and clay mineralogical composition of soils derived from volcanic materials were determined in relation to climate along the slopes of an extinct volcano in northwestern Rwanda. Three representative soil pedons were sampled from sites located at 2700 m, 2400 m, and 2000 m to represent differences in rainfall and temperature regimes. Allophane was present in all three soils but tended to be higher in subsurface than in surface horizons. The lower allophane content in...

Abstract Erta 'Ale volcano, sited within the Afar Triangle of Ethiopia, is one of the least frequented, perennially active, subaerial volcanoes. By compiling a time series of Landsat MSS and TM, JERS-1, SPOT, and AVHRR digital imagery, and space-borne photographic data, we have been able to constrain the activity of this volcano, important for its geodynamic setting, during the long period since 1974 when volcanological investigations effectively ceased. Existing techniques for infrared...