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This paper investigated the relationship between staff development and job performance of the library staff of five selected universities in Ghana. The paper examined the effectiveness of staff training and development policies, programmes, methods, training needs analysis and the monitoring and evaluation methods of the university libraries in order to establish the effectiveness of staff development initiatives in library and information services. The study adopted survey design and mixed...
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Since the beginning of the Syrian civil war, Turkey has taken responsibility for by far the largest number of refugees in the world over the past five years.Undoubtedly, hosting almost three million refugees has been neither logistically nor politically easy.This is why the success of sustainable migration policies is crucial in terms of the mutual adaptation of Syrians and the host community in Turkey.Therefore, educating refugees is the most important issue for reaching social...
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Higher education is back in the spotlight, with post-2015 sustainable development goals emphasising equality of access. In this paper, we highlight the long distance still to travel to achieve the goal of equal access to higher education for all, with a focus on poorer countries which tend to have lower levels of enrolment in higher education. Analysing Demographic and Health Survey data from 35 low- and middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, we show wide wealth...
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its treatment cause renal diseases. Renal disease is associated with an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV positive individuals than in the general population. It has been also associated with adverse outcomes, such as complications of decreased renal functions and progression to renal failure.To determine the prevalence and factors associated with renal function impairment among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)...
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The purpose of this article is to discuss how best to finance higher education in low-income countries of sub-Saharan Africa, drawing on benefits and drawbacks of the prevalent models of higher education finance, and lessons to be learned from countries which have seen greater expansion of their higher education systems in recent decades. Two main aspects are distinguished: first, a recognition of the powerful evidence that the general level of education in a country, its human capital,...
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In recent years, there have been numerous attempts to improve the quality of higher education in Africa, but there is limited knowledge about the impact of these initiatives on student learning. The results of a study published in 2015 offered some initial data in this regard by identifying a lack of improvement in the critical thinking ability of students enrolled at three of Rwanda’s public universities, despite extensive pedagogical reforms across the sector. However, subsequent analysis...
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INTRODUCTIONComputers, internet and mobile technology have opened up the way to digital games, which have evolved into a significant global business and have become a common phenomenon in contemporary culture (ESA, 2015). However, beyond their use as entertainment, game mechanics and game thinking have also been applied in different industries for different purposes: this trend is called gamification (Deterding, 2012). Indeed, the idea of introducing game elements in non-entertainment...
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Introduction: Ambient air pollution and associated oxidative stress has been implicated in many pathological conditions; including adverse birth outcomes. Optimum glutathione-S-transferase (GST) P1 activity is essential for efficient detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species limiting DNA adduct (8-OHdG) formation. We aim to investigate the effect oxides of nitrogen (NOx) have on the induction of oxidative stress in pregnant women, and low birth weight. Method: Participants...
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Introduction: Household air pollution accounts for about 4 million avoidable deaths yearly. To characterize exposure to household air pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and to define health outcome response relationships, quantitative assessment of personal exposures is needed. . We investigated the feasibility of personal exposure monitoring in young children by assessing the acceptability and average wearing duration of three exposure monitors, two...
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There are several mechanisms by which global climate change may impact malaria transmission. We sought to assess how the increased frequency of extreme precipitation events associated with global climate change will influence malaria transmission in highland areas of East Africa. We used a differences-in-differences, quasi-experimental design to examine spatial variability in the incidence rate of laboratory-confirmed malaria cases and malaria-related hospitalizations between villages (1) at...
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INTRODUCTIONIncreased interest in online conferences globally is largely driven by convenience of participation, savings in travel and accommodation costs, and ecological concerns. In Africa, where members of specialist professions are physically dispersed across large distances, online conferences can play a key role in professional networking and development. This role is especially important in emerging professions such as educational technology, which are characterised by uneven...
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Social, institutional and environmental determinants of health have a major influence on the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. This is exacerbated by climate change. We assessed the influence of these factors on malaria and bilharzia in vulnerable communities in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe with a view to develop stakeholder-driven adaptation strategies. We adopted an ecohealth approach. Quantitative and qualitative data was collected through community and household surveys,...
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Introduction: Child undernutrition remains an important public health challenge in Ethiopia. Although the problem is worse in the emergency pockets of the country where climate shocks and conflicts exacerbate food insecurity, studies exploring the drought-conflict-nutrition link are lacking. Our main aim was to investigate the effects of drought and conflict synergies in the wasting prevalence in the emergency pockets of Ethiopia. Methods: We extracted the wasting prevalence data from the...