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Climate change, typified by drought, floods and rising temperatures continue to affect biodiversity in the world. Recently, outbreaks of new insect, weed and plant pathogen species have been reported in SADC and some old ones have increased in severity while others have diminished. Examples of new insects that have threated food security and trade in the region include the fall army worm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta). Over 50% of the Hartbeespoort Dam near...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the history, current status and possible future directions for intellectual disability (ID) policy and practice in South Africa (SA). Design/methodology/approach The paper was developed by academics and practitioners in the field of ID in SA. A review of the literature, accompanied by a joint writing and discussion process was carried out to identify critical issues in the development of ID services, specifically facing the...

Although rugby union as a sport is well established, the strength and conditioning practices of high school level players are not well known. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to examine the current strength and conditioning practices that coaches implement at South African high school level rugby. A secondary purpose was to compare practices between high schools of different socio-economic status in South Africa. An online survey or in person interview (depending on the school)...

Introduction: Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries.Community-based studies are important in ascertaining the burden of the disease. Objectives:The study was set out to determine the prevalence and types of CHD among primary school children in Port Harcourt Local Government Area (PHALGA) of Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria.Methods: A total of 1,712 primary school pupils were selected by multistage sampling...

Sudan is a leading country in health professions education (HPE), a sector which started 100 years ago. The history of HPE in Sudan dates back to 1918 with the training of medical assistants, with a school for modern midwifery opening in 1921 (1). The first college of medicine in Sudan—Kitchener School of Medicine (KSM) —was established in 1924, and is currently part of the University of Khartoum (2). About half a century later, two more medical schools—Juba University School in 1977 and...

Sudan is a leading country in health professions education (HPE), a sector which started 100 years ago. The history of HPE in Sudan dates back to 1918 with the training of medical assistants, with a school for modern midwifery opening in 1921 (1). The first college of medicine in Sudan—Kitchener School of Medicine (KSM) —was established in 1924, and is currently part of the University of Khartoum (2). About half a century later, two more medical schools—Juba University School in 1977 and...

Air pollution is characterised by the presence of chemicals or compounds in the air which are usually not present or are present at levels higher than those considered to be safe for human health. 1 Air pollution is the main cause of environmental effects such as acid rain (formed primarily by nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in the atmosphere) which can acidify soil and water bodies leading to a threat on food security; and ground-level ozone which is responsible for destruction of...

The study examined the effect of climate change on agricultural crop returns in Uganda using the Ricardian Panel Tobit technique and the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS) data, climate data from Uganda National Meteorological Authority (UNMA) and global weather data. The findings showed that climate related risks account for over 67 percent of agricultural risks and less than 2 percent of the farming households practise irrigation. Farmers that practised irrigation earned...

Background On June 18, 2017, the public health service was alerted about 43 students in the training institute in Rabat who were admitted to the emergency room for acute gastroenteritis following the uptake of a meal a day before. Objective This study aimed to investigate the foodborne disease outbreak by confirming the outbreak, identifying the source of contamination, and recommending control measures. Methods We conducted a case-control study. Cases and controls were selected in a ratio...

Abstract Introduction: Internet addiction among the youth has become a public health concern. It leads to impairments in several aspects of life. Previous studies identified individual and environmental risk factors for internet addiction. The effect of online activities on youth internet use behavior is not well investigated. This study assessed the prevalence of internet addiction and determined the roles of online activities for internet addiction among students in Bahir Dar University....

BACKGROUND: Wound infections are usually caused by the patient’s normal flora or by bacteria from the environment or the skin of hospital staff and surgical wound infection which consider as most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide The commonest organism of Gram positive is Staphylococcus aureus, Gram negative bacteria which include E. coli, Proteus spp. Klebsiclla spp. and Ps. Aerogenosa. [1]. OBJECTIVES: Isolation and identification of bacteria from wounds and burns...

This chapter provides a desk-based review of peer-reviewed and grey literature on gender and adaptation to climate change in the context of rural sub-Saharan Africa using a feminist political ecology approach. The aspects of rural livelihoods reviewed are health, water, and energy. The existing empirical evidence is limited. The literature tends to be deductive, based on past experiences with floods and drought. Adaptation strategies focus on building resilience to the impacts of extreme...

African universities could be appropriate settings to start a process of creative rethinking about alternative economic and climate-friendly development pathways that lead to socially inclusive growth and the alleviation of poverty. Education, capacity building, and a transformative learning agenda have come into academic and political focus. This chapter begins with a brief conceptual overview of the current research and work streams on climate change communication and education, followed...

This study investigated sleep deprivation and academic performance on nursing students of University of Calabar. A self-structured instrument was administered to a sample of 109 students. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Most, 55(50.5. %) of the respondents start depriving themselves of sleep immediately after resumption.
 
 On school days, most 53 (48.6%) respondents sleep for 1–3 hours on average; while 40(36.7%) respondents sleep for 4–6 hours on...

School heritage consists of documents, artefacts and other items such as art work and textiles. Managing these collections in schools is problematic as this heritage is not prioritised and schools are under-resourced. Against this background, this study is concerned with the management of archives and museum collections in selected public and private schools in Pietermaritzburg (PMB), KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. The findings revealed a plethora of issues. Retirees, mostly volunteer...

Abstract Background Visual impairment refers to reduction of vision resulting in a lower than normal visual acuity. Globally, approximately 1.3 billion adults and children live with some form of vision impairment. Visual impairment is usually asymptomatic, overlooked and affects school performance and other functions. School programs are recommended for early detection and timely interventions. In resource limited countries like Ethiopia, undetected visual impairment, lack of adequate and...