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<h3>Background</h3> For decades in Gambella Ethiopia collective ethnic violence has been recurrent among the Nuer (Pastoralists), Anuak (Agriculturalist) &amp; Highlanders (Northern Ethiopians). The Anuak have been moved from their land to accommodate Indian, Saudi and Chinese agribusiness. Land pressures are augmented by refugees from the Southern Sudan. Injury and violence among grade 5 children growing up in this milieu was evaluated. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was conducted in March...

Aim -This study was a retrospective evaluation of morbidity indicators and the use of questionnaire in decisions that relate to Schistosoma haematobium infection control among primary school children in Ghana.Materials and Methods -In all, 417 pupils in three primary schools (Kasseh sub-District, Dangme East District, Ghana), provided urine samples, which were examined for S. haematobium ova.The study utilized a structured questionnaire, the Urit 10V multi-stick urine reagent strips and the...

As in many other parts of the world, South Africa is witnessing the emergence of new forms of the family that are replacing the traditional family where two adults of different gender fulfil socially constructed roles and responsibilities. The South African government has established a school-based programme to support Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in schools. The aim of this qualitative study was to determine the effectiveness of this programme within eThekwini Municipality in the...

On 22 January 2013 an earthquake with local magnitude ML 4.1 occurred in the central part of the Gulf of Suez. Six months later on 1 June 2013 another earthquake with local magnitude ML 5.1 took place at the same epicenter and different depths. These two perceptible events were recorded and localized by the Egyptian National Seismological Network (ENSN) and additional networks in the region. The purpose of this study is to determine focal mechanisms and source parameters of both earthquakes...

Donated ultrasound machines lie dormant in many rural hospitals in Uganda where staff are not confident in their use. As part of an ongoing partnership with Kabarole Health District a tool to support practitioners develop competence in basic obstetric ultrasound was requested and developed. The skill level the practitioners was assessed at baseline and at completion of the training program. Learners included doctors and midwives at health centres that provide comprehensive emergency...

The paper examined the impact of training and development on employee’s performance in organisations. The study adopted survey research design and the population of the study consist of all commercial banks in Edo North Senatorial District, Nigeria. The study was restricted to a selected sample size of 30 respondents drawn from 5 banks in Edo North. A structured questionnaire with a five-point likert scale was used as the instrument of data collection. Two hypotheses formulated for the study...

Disease burden has always been based on associated mortality. An accurate measurement of the burden of epilepsy should rely on both morbidity and mortality. This will close any existing gap in knowledge and provide useful information to aid evidence-based decision-making. In this study, burden of epilepsy was estimated, using disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs), using disability weights for epilepsy that were part of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 work. The study was conducted at the...

Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), is a proven human carcinogen. Of interest in this paper was the regional atmospheric pollution of Cr(VI) from the ferrochromium and related industries located in the western Bushveld Complex (wBC) of South Africa. A significant fraction of the world's ferrochromium and platinum group metals is produced in this region. Particulate matter (PM), in two size fractions, i.e. PM2.5 (≤2.5 μm) and PM2.5−10 (2.5–10 μm), was sampled for a full calendar year at a regional...

Genotyping breeding materials is now relatively inexpensive but phenotyping costs have remained the same. One method to increase gene mapping power is to use genome‐wide genetic markers to combine existing phenotype data for multiple populations into a unified analysis. We combined data from 15 biparental populations of maize ( Zea mays L.) (&gt;2500 individual lines) developed under the Water‐Efficient Maize for Africa project to perform genome‐wide association analysis. Each population was...

African Development Bank (AfDB) through the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST)

Purpose This chapter presents a case study on smallholder vulnerability and adaptation to long-term desiccation in the West African Sahel. Climatologists recognize Sahelian desiccation as a long-term multi-decadal dry period that persisted from roughly 1968 to 1995. This study draws on fine-scale ethnographic and daily rainfall data to elucidate local perspectives on this broad regional process. As such, this provides a window on the local lived experience of regional climate variability.

Bioko Island (3008 m a.s.l) is located in the presently more active volcanic zone of the Cameroon Line and composed essentially of alkaline basalts and hawaiites, and lesser mugearites. The rocks show microlitic porphyritic texture with phenocrysts of olivine (83% < Fo < 87%) and clinopyroxene in a matrix of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and oxides. Hawaiites and mugearites also include phenocrysts of plagioclase (An62-67Ab35-32Or3-1). Major element variation diagrams show an increase in SiO2,...

Climate change is a major cause of food insecurity in developing countries, like Uganda where the poor people and small scale farmers have limited options for adaptation.Households adjacent to wetlands often adapt to climate change by depending on them for food security.However, interventions for climate change adaptation in developing countries are often poorly targeted due to insufficient data on climate trends.The objective of this study was to determine household perception of climate...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the adequacy and relevance of resources that are in public primary teachers training colleges in Kenya.It was guided by three objectives namely: to determine whether the materials available are adequate and relevant, to establish whether the materials are well maintained and to find out whether there is enough space in the learning resource centers in PPTTCs in Kenya.The study was carried out in Tambach Teachers Training College, Keiyo district,...

We use the 2007 SACMEQ data to make traditional “upwardly biased” estimates of teacher and classroom resource correlates of 6th grade student achievement in Swaziland, Kenya, and South Africa using an OLS model, and a “less biased causal” approach using a student fixed effects model. Our fixed effects model exploits the fact that most students in all three countries have different teachers for reading and mathematics. Each student is therefore subject to the “treatment” of different teacher...

Initial access to school is nearly universal in Kenya, but many children who enroll drop out before completing primary school. In this mixed-methods study, we use quantitative data from a randomized control trial involving 2666 upper primary-grade students, as well as qualitative data from interviews with 41 schoolchildren, dropouts, and parents, to examine dropout. Poorer baseline performance on literacy and numeracy assessments predicted a higher risk of dropout. Interviews revealed that...

Poliovirus infections have been established to be in circulation in the remaining three polio-endemic nations. These pathogens have been associated with several chronic diseases, particularly acute flaccid paralysis of children. This study sought to ascertain whether polioviruses are silently shed by apparently healthy schoolchildren in Bauchi, Katagum, and Misau local government areas of Bauchi state, Nigeria.This was a cross-sectional prospective study that involved 200 stool samples...