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Purine compounds such as ATP and adenosine, respectively endothelium‐dependent and‐independent vasodilators, are largely involved in the control of vascular tone and vascular reactivity to contracting stimuli. We investigated the relaxing activity of ATP and adenosine in guinea‐pig aorta rings exposed for 6 h to elevated glucose concentration (50 m M ), in order to mimic hyperglycaemic conditions. Guinea‐pigs were reserpine‐treated (2 mg kg −1 , i.p., 48 and 24 h before death). Rings of...

Fitting the environment of a school to the developmental needs of early adolescents is particularly important for inner-city African American students who tend to drop out of school in large numbers. The present study examined the person-environment fit in terms of the relation of school strain to self-worth and three indicators of school functioning—scholastic competence, intrinsic motivation, and grade point average—among 102 subjects enrolled in an academic intervention program. Results...

Fitting the environment of a school to the developmental needs of early adolescents is particularly important for inner-city African American students who tend to drop out of school in large numbers. The present study examined the person-environment fit in terms of the relation of school strain to self-worth and three indicators of school functioning—scholastic competence, intrinsic motivation, and grade point average—among 102 subjects enrolled in an academic intervention program. Results...

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 285 school children aged 5–18 years in Nyanza Province, Western Kenya, to determine the prevalence of geophagy and the types and amounts of soil eaten. Stool samples were taken from a subsample of 53 (19%) and their silica content determined to compare the results with the reported geophagy. Geophagy was practised by 73% of the children. The prevalence decreased with age for both sexes up to age 15, then remained stable for girls between 15 and 18...

Manpower competencies in the mining, minerals processing and energy industries in South Africa into the next century will, to a large extent, derive from the nature and quality of the teaching which pupils receive at school. This paper provides an overview of the current developments towards a new National Curriculum in South African Schools and highlights areas in which the Minerals Industry might provide input into this process.

Previous articleNext article No AccessGender and Education Impacts on Employment and Earnings in West Africa: Evidence from GuineaPeter Glick David E. Sahn Peter GlickCornell University Search for more articles by this author David E. SahnCornell University Search for more articles by this author Cornell UniversityPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic...

The purpose of this study was to document the current status of, and to determine the need for, early childhood care and education in South Africa. The study included an assessment of the training needs of child carers and other individuals interested in working with young children in urban and rural areas of the region. A total of 373 African men and women with varied occupations and educational attainment were recruited in the study. A survey methodology was employed to obtain desired...

This report studies the demographic and educational futures of Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. These are areas of potential and existing conflicts, where population growth has many political dimensions. The report, however, abstains from discussing these political issues and focuses on future demographic aspects. It is clear that this report could raise some questions on the sensitivity of the region to future population prospects. Assumptions for the population...

This article reports on a study of African American students at a state university in a midwestern city. Specifically, a qualitative research design was used to explore the subjective college experiences of these students to determine if marginality can offer a more holistic understanding of the larger substantive phenomenon. The study found that it is the construction of meaning attached to marginality, not the state of being marginal, that has significance for understanding the students' experiences

(1997). Questions of Race and Culture: How They Relate to the Classroom for African American Students. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 70, No. 6, pp. 311-318.

Abstract This article provides an account of Hayden White's claim that historiographical difference can be explained in terms of the varying narrative forms in which historical depictions are presented, rather than in terms of the data or evidence on which historical representation are based. Narrative form is constructed around particular organising categories, which assemble and present the content (data/evidence) of particular historical portrayals, to provide us with knowledge about the...

This quasi-experimental study attempted to identify possible differences between African-American (n = 40) and Anglo-American (n = 40) undergraduate college students (ages 17 to 27) relative to per...

In 1993 a demonstration oral care programme to evaluate the ART procedure for dental caries under field conditions began among secondary school students in Greater Harare. The programme was preceded by an oral epidemiological survey. Of the 569 students examined, with a mean age of 13.9 years, 58.7 per cent were caries free. The mean DMFS and DMFT scores were 1.4 and 1.1, respectively. Very few missing and filled teeth were observed. Excluding those with pulp involvement, small dentinal...

Summary This study examined the relationships between family environmental contexts, sibling structure, immediate family settings and students’ affective characteristics. Data were collected from 460 (234 female and 226 male) South African senior high school students. Using partial least-squares path modelling the findings suggest that environmental contexts and family immediate settings combine to have modest to large concurrent validities in relation to differing measures of students’...

Considering the impact of economic structural adjustment programs (ESAP) on the poor is not straightforward because ESAP involves changes affecting future poverty as well as the currently poor. In addition, structural adjustment measures occur alongside other events which may have additive as well as interactive effects with ESAP. In Zimbabwe, for example, the initial years of ESAP implementation overlapped with the onset of a major drought in 1991–92. Understanding changes affecting the...

Automobile air pollution is a growing problem in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and as such it needs immediate attention before it goes out of control. The problem is most pronounced in the city centre especially during rush hours. This paper starts by citing some environmental effects of air pollution. It then analyses the problem of automobile air pollution in Dar es Salaam. It also goes on to show that vehicles in Dar es Salaam whose number is increasing at the rate of 6.3% annually contribute...

Nitric oxide (NO), a neurotransmitter of inhibitory nonadrenergic noncholinergic (iNANC) nerves in airways, is a radical with a short half-life, and its function may be modified by airway inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether airway allergic inflammation affects iNANC responses mediated by NO in guinea pigs in vitro. Animals sensitized with ovalbumin (OA) were challenged with 0.03% OA (OA group) or saline (saline group) by inhalation on 3 consecutive days. On the day...

We present trends data on the prevalence and pattern of substance use among secondary school pupils in Ilorin, derived from comparing the finding of two consecutive cross-sectional surveys. From a sample of six schools, 1041 and 848 pupils 1988 and 1993 respectively, completed anonymously a 117-item WHO self-report substance-use questionnaire. The analyses cover responses on the current and lifetime use of eleven substances, their frequency of use, and the effect of gender and school...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the significance of transient impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in terms of the risk of progression to NIDDM and the serum insulin response during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in a prospective study on the natural history of IGT in South African Indians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This is a report on 87 subjects who formed part of a 4-year prospective study in 128 subjects classified with IGT at baseline (year 0) using World Health Organization criteria for...