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Even when a state fulfils its role in providing places for girls in school, unless education is compulsory the availability and accessibility of places is not enough: decisions about whether daughters will go to school at all or how long they will stay there are taken within individual families and communities. Parents have to be both able (in economic terms) and willing (in terms of attitude) to take up the school places for their daughters. Socio-cultural traditions, especially in remote...

The present study examines complex syntax production by a sample of 45 preschool-age African-American boys and girls (chronological age [CA] 4:0 to 5:6, years:months) from urban, low-income homes. The results provide quantitative descriptions of amounts of complex syntax and suggest a potential positive relationship between amounts of complex syntax and amounts of nonstandard English form usage in the children's connected speech. Clinical applications are discussed.

This paper examines briefly the limits and possibilities of the qualitative research paradigm in sub‐Saharan Africa with a focus on Southern and Eastern Africa. The qualitative research paradigm is relatively new to African researchers and institutions, and there are relatively few Africans able to sustain research institutes committed to the qualitative research paradigm in education. African researchers, unlike their counterparts in Europe, North America, and Asia, operate in a...

This article reviews recent global political changes and describes how they have helped to recreate interest in a democratic agenda in Africa. In the past, two of the major obstacles to democracy in post-independence Africa have been ethnic conflict and the resulting authoritarian political systems. However, there have been exceptions to this and neither authoritarianism nor democracy have become fully institutionalised. If, in the future, democratic political institutions in Africa are...

Post-independence South Africa faces many consequences of apartheid. One legacy has been the creation of a population of school leavers for whom under-achievement in mathematics has become the norm. This paper evaluates (a) the extent and causes of under-performance in mathematics in the general population; (b) the resourcing of mathematical education, and (c) the mathematics curriculum. Evidence is provided to show that in addition to personal and social losses created by under-performance...

This paper explores the development of various approaches by the State in Botswana to improve teacher incentives. Teacher incentives have been an issue in Botswana for a number of years. The Ministry of Education with the support of USAID has commissioned research into teacher incentives. In 1991 and 1992 there were four major bodies created by the State that dealt with the problem of teacher incentives either directly or indirectly. Report of the Presidential Commission on the Review of...

Center for Migration Studies special issuesVolume 11, Issue 4 p. 159-160 Free Access Drought and Resettlement in West Sudan: A Microperspective and Policy-Oriented Approach Ahmed Taha Mohammed, Ahmed Taha Mohammed University of GeziraSearch for more papers by this author Ahmed Taha Mohammed, Ahmed Taha Mohammed University of GeziraSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1994 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2050-411X.1994.tb00804.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport...

Abstract Thurstone's Case V paired comparisons procedure was used to investigate the perceived role status and preferences of counsellor for a sample of Zimbabwe teachers of a Shona cultural backgroud (n = 312) in relation to type of presenting problem (personal; educational; employment) and as the teachers varied by gender, age, level of formal educationa and marital status. Counsellor expertise contrasted those of modern status (psychologist; church pastor; work supervisor) and traditional...

The operation of the ‘Training and Visit’ (T&V) extension system is examined, with particular reference to knowledge of fertilizer use on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria. The potential role of the ‘farmer first’ paradigm in the reform of T&V is considered with respect to knowledge exchange between village extension agents and contact farmers. The findings suggest that the T&V system is not working as intended, because of the irregularity of visits, the preoccupation with the transfer of messages...

The form and extent of education in countries of asylum is the product of refuge-seeker persistence in articulating demand, the scope for NGO educational support and host government attitudes to the refuge-seekers in question. (Over the past decade, strategy has been to discourage education that would facilitate labour market access in countries of asylum.) In camps, the result has been generally poor quality basic education for a minority of refugee children and rudimentary skills training...

This study included 295 workers of Assiut Generation Station (Upper Egypt). Two hundred and twenty-one of the workers were exposed to different levels of noise (80 to 107 dBA) and the remaining 74 were used as a control group. There were no significant differences in risk factors viz age, duration of work, body mass index, weight, height, smoking, and previous work as determined by a questionnaire. The relationship between occupational exposure to noise, the degree of hearing loss and...

ABSTRACT This article analyses drought in Botswana as a ‘revelatory crisis' in which structural contradictions as well as deteriorating socio‐economic conditions are exposed. Paradoxically, however, drought also enables such conditions to be concealed because they can be attributed to the ‘crisis' and not to deeper problems and trends. In addition, crises such as droughts disrupt conventional routine sufficiently to allow actors (including government policy‐makers as well as rural producers)...

Center for Migration Studies special issuesVolume 11, Issue 4 p. 160-161 Free Access The Naziheen: Drought and Civil War Victims in the Sudan Siddiq Umbadda, Siddiq Umbadda University of KhartoumSearch for more papers by this author Siddiq Umbadda, Siddiq Umbadda University of KhartoumSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1994 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2050-411X.1994.tb00805.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give...

Center for Migration Studies special issuesVolume 11, Issue 4 p. 160-161 Free Access The Naziheen: Drought and Civil War Victims in the Sudan Siddiq Umbadda, Siddiq Umbadda University of KhartoumSearch for more papers by this author Siddiq Umbadda, Siddiq Umbadda University of KhartoumSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1994 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2050-411X.1994.tb00805.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give...

Agricultural scientists in Sub-Saharan Africa face unique and diverse challenges as they work to increase food production to meet demand. The total resource context within which they work is difficult and rural infrastructure is poorly developed. Many countries now face balance of payment problems, along with declining per capita income and food production Difficult climatic and soil conditions, unfavorable or inadequate policies/support systems and civil unrest have all inhibited progress....